主格放在句首做主语和表语,宾格放在句末或句中做动词和介词的宾语. < clas 第一教程网提供跟我学英语教程-基础级 在线观看" />
英语中的格
英语中的人称代词有主格、宾格和之分
< class="spctrl">主格放在句首做主语和表语,宾格放在句末或句中做动词和介词的宾语.
< clas英语中的格
英语中的人称代词有主格、宾格和之分
< class="spctrl">主格放在句首做主语和表语,宾格放在句末或句中做动词和介词的宾语.
< class="spctrl">打个比方,主人邀请宾客,主格就像主人,宾格就像宾客。主格在动词前面,宾格在动词或介词后面。
< class="spctrl">在实际运用中,主格和宾格代词有时会混淆。下面是常见的问题:
< class="spctrl">⒈在复合结构里,人称代词的主格和宾格在单独使用时,没有问题,如很少人会犯下这样的错误:
< class="spctrl">(1)Wilcox spoke to I.
< class="spctrl">(2)Her knew what had happened.
< class="spctrl">但在复合结构中,错误就难免了,如:
< class="spctrl">(3)Wilcox spoke to my friend and I.
< class="spctrl">(4)He and her knew what had happened.
< class="spctrl">(5)This is between you and he.
< class="spctrl">这种错误是可避免的。第一,在有介词的复合结构中,特别要注意,第二个人称代词,必须用宾语,如:"for you and me"和 "between Maria and him"。第二,试把复合结构中的另一部分暂时用括号围起来,那么该用的格就容易辨别了,如:
< class="spctrl">(6)This message is for (My father and) I or me.
< class="spctrl">(7)(Marry and) he or him went downtown together.
< class="spctrl">显然的,(5)里的代词是宾格的"me", (6)里的代词是主格的"he"。
< class="spctrl">⒉在比较结构里,连接词"as"或"than"后面,按理用主格式,但在口语中,人们常用宾格形式,学美式英语者,更是如此:
< class="spctrl">(8)
< class="spctrl">a. You did as well as she.
< class="spctrl">b. You did as well as her.
< class="spctrl">(9)
< class="spctrl">a. I am older than he.
< class="spctrl">b. I am older than him.
< class="spctrl">(a)和(b)两种说法,都可接受。但如果"as"和"than"后头分句的主语和词动都要完整出现的话,这时的人称代词,就必须是主格,如下:
< class="spctrl">(10)You did as well as she did.
< class="spctrl">(11)I am older than he is .
< class="spctrl">此外,还有一点要注意,就是"as"和"than"后面虽然在语法上用主格好,用宾格也可,但是有时意思会有所不同。试比较(a)和(b):
< class="spctrl">(12)
< class="spctrl">a. Jason praised Maria more highly than I.
< class="spctrl">b. Jason praised Maria more highly than me.
< class="spctrl">(12)a和b都被接受,但(12)a等于(13)a,而(12)b等于(13)b:
< class="spctrl">(13)
< class="spctrl">a. Jason praised Maria more highly than I did (= I praised Maria).
< class="spctrl">b. Jason praised Maria more highly than he praised me.
< class="spctrl">显然,这两句的深层意思大有差别。遇到这种情形,为了避免误解,不妨根据要表达的意思用完整的句式表达出来。换句话说,必要的话,要用(13)这句子。
< class="spctrl">不然,把(13)a变成(14), (13)b变成(15)也可:
< class="spctrl">(14)I did not praise Maria as highly as Jason did.
< class="spctrl">(15)Jason did not praise me as highly as he praised Maria.
更新时间:2014-03-17 13:50